ABSTRACT
In order to systematically reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the indoor space, it is important to understand the building design strategies and air quality enhancement methods that are set to mitigate this threat. As the universities are resuming their pre-Covid in-person curriculums, this paper aims to introduce the different HVAC technologies used to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 in the university classrooms, in particular. Many of these technologies came to be as an outcome of the scientific interest in the enhancement of indoor environmental quality. Thus, it is important to understand where airborne pathogens fit in the overall scheme of indoor air health. Similarly, this paper sets to reimagine the architectural methods as the solutions to the problem of airborne transmission of diseases. Based on the urgency of the problem and the demand of the market, in this work, we discuss a summary of applicable technologies and strategies to combat airborne viruses, particularly Covid-19, in the ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. By presenting an overview of the problem and the solutions that integrate engineering controls, the design strategies and indoor air sanitization techniques aim to create healthier indoor environments. This paper aspires to move the research forward.
ABSTRACT
There is ample evidence that the coronavirus can cause fatal blood clots. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors act as a gateway for the coronavirus to enter the body and facilitate infection. ACE2 receptors are scientifically linked to disease severity in smokers because nicotine is thought to affect ACE2 expression in different ways. Patients admitted with severe COVID-19 infection with high levels of factor V Leiden are prone to serious damage from blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Damage to the vascular endothelium is a complication that can be caused by the coronavirus. It can cause vascular clots, in the formation of which factors such as age, sex, blood type, and underlying diseases are effective. Thrombotic events, especially venous thrombosis, following COVID-19 infection have already been described;nonetheless, data are scarce on arterial thrombosis. Herein we report 4 cases of COVID-19 infection complicated by arterial thrombosis. (Iranian Heart Journal 2022;23(1): 223-227).
ABSTRACT
The longer the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic takes, the greater the prothrombotic effects of the disease, which varies from venous thromboembolic events to limb arterial thrombosis and stroke. How we deal with the effects of the COVID-19 disease, is still unclear. In this study, researchers will report the clinical presentation, outcome and management of the patient with COVID-19 after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, which led to rapid progression of arterial thrombosis. The COVID-19 positive patient underwent emergency CABG, due to developed coronary artery disease. Despite receiving high-dose preoperative Plavix and heparin and also postoperative aspirin, the patient developed progressive thrombosis in both lower extremities 4 days after surgery. It then spread to bilateral iliac arteries, aorta, abdominal and renal artery. Femoral endarterectomy was performed two times for atheromatous plaque removal which was unsuccessful and the patient died few days later due to multi-organ failure. COVID-19 is a risk factor for arterial thrombosis with high mortality and morbidity rate. If thrombosis happens, the prognosis will be poor. Comprehensive treatments have to be started immediately after diagnosis. In patients undergoing surgery for extensive arterial thrombosis due to poor prognosis, not only surgical revascularization is needed but also thrombolysis treatments may be considered as off-label use. As the pandemic continues, new approaches and interventions may be applied. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s);Published by Nickan Research Institute. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Augmented reality (AR) is the real world to which a virtual world including images sounds, etc. Augmented reality can be defined as a medium connecting digital information with the real world spatially and temporally and is instantly interactive. Virtual reality (VR) is a new technology that allows users to be present and interact with a computer simulation environment. Most virtual reality environments are devices for human-to-computer interaction with computers. Advances in technology in today's world have made a lot of information about our environment turn into a virtual environment. A type of information that has a special place in education today is augmented reality. This form of the virtual world is a living, direct or indirect physical view that adds elements around people's real world. This paper presents the study conducted by data collection and library studies and looks at how augmented reality and virtual reality are used as digital technology in school classrooms around the world. It seems to be one of the most appropriate ways to benefit from education in the age of Covid-19 and the closure of schools in many parts of the world and forcing students to enter the virtual world, which may continue and use these methods. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: COVID-19, a novel Coronavirus from same family as SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious virus. It is transmitted mainly from upper respiratory system and affects important organs, like heart and lungs. The aim of this study is identifying appropriate therapeutic methods originated from persian medicine. Materials and Methods: This study has been designed from the viewpoints of traditional and modern medicine. Considering modern medicine, we searched valid database by searching key words “SARS-Cov-2” and “COVID-19”. For traditional medicine, we searched reliable traditional medicine like the “Canon of Medicine” by “Avicenna”, the Exir-e Aazam and Zakhira-I Kharazm Shahi. Patients were evaluated according to their symptoms and categorized based on traditional medicine. Physiopathology and management of the disease, including prevention and treatment were studied. Results: The principle underlying mechanism seems to be warm and dry dystemperament that affects different organs and causes various adverse effects which are higher than warm and dry dystemperament, but less than the presence of virus. Our traditional Iranian medicine findings are validated by the modern medicine. Conclusion: Based on symptoms, the equivalent of this disease was examined from the viewpoint of traditional medicine. Then, physiopathology and management of this disease were presented in five levels, including one stage of prevention and four stages of treatment, and finally, the treatment recommendations of Iranian traditional medicine were approved with new research results.